Oklahoma
tornadoes: Do early warning systems help or hinder?
By
Andriy Petronchak and Arash Azadegan,
Supply
Chain Disruption Research Laboratory, Rutgers Business School
Remember the empty supermarket shelves before and
after the Superstorm Sandy and Thanksgiving blizzard? The general public’s “panic
mode” led to a huge disruption of the supply chains - simply because everyone
was buying “a lot of everything”. Skyrocketing demand on household items that
are normally not so popular, created a deficit and a “black market” (remember
the overpriced generators, batteries and even hotel rooms, doubled in price
during Sandy?). In turn, when the storm was over, supply chains are overwhelmed
with reverse logistics activities, handling the unused “emergency supplies”. These
swings cause huge losses to the distribution channels and force the companies
to create excessive “safety” stocks that escalate the total cost, transferred
onto the consumers.
Similar to the Sandy hurricane, the recent Oklahoma
tornadoes have shown how difficult it is to manage these natural phenomena.
Tornadoes are hard to predict, they escalate their force rapidly, and cause
ground damage immediately. As far as advanced notices, tornado warnings can
rarely be issued more than thirty minutes in advance. Every minute and every
second counts in these cases when someone is in the midst of such a situation. They
often feel alone and sequestered from the rest of the society and actions that
are often too excessive to survive the oncoming “armagedon”. While personal
preparedness and awareness are the constructive aspects of dealing with the
disruption, many of the citizens’ precautionary steps may not be the right
choice.
The Moore, Oklahoma tornado on May 20, and
associated storms, could cost up to $5 billion in insured losses, disaster
modeling company Eqecat has estimated, making it the second costliest tornado
after Tuscaloosa. Arguably, part of the issue is the mismatch between warning
systems and available shelters. Because of the continuing advances in storm
prediction have enabled forecasters to warn people before a funnel cloud is
upon them, giving them precious time to seek shelter. But there are cases where
shelters are not within reach during those previous minutes. The result is
miscalculated decisions and imprudent reactions by the public. Some may try to
drive madly across town to pick up a loved one, causing road accidents. Others
may jam the phone lines with calls to 911 and other first respondents to get a
better sense of the situation. This was the case during the Oklahoma events on
May of 2013. As reported by Sean Murpy of AP, “many panicked residents opted to
flee their homes, and interstates and roadways became gridlocked with people
trying to outrun the approaching storm. Many were encouraged by a local
television meteorologist who warned viewers that if they couldn’t get
underground, they should leave the relative safety of their homes and drive
south”.
While improvements in building safe
rooms and reinforcing residents are important, perhaps the right approach is to
make sure warning systems are corresponding to available resources. Yet this is
a difficult task. The entire public culture needs to become a
disaster-resistant way of thinking and the change must happen on all the
levels: from the general public to the government. The public and the public
servants need to recognize their role in the large system and avoid making
early warning into early panic. Although resilient supply chains will recover
eventually, the number of innocent
citizens that get harmed, displaced or
even killed by the natural disaster rises because of lack of coordination. This is when the taxpayers money should
finally come into play. Public safety is every society’s basic need and it’s
the role of government to satisfy this need. Some residents insist that safe
rooms should be a main concern in Oklahoma – above all in Moore, since it has a
record of falling victim to tornadoes. “If they can afford a $5 million
football stadium, they can afford a safe room,” 67-year-old John Lemmon, a
Moore resident who lives near Plaza Towers Elementary School, told
Bloomberg. “They should have done it right after they had the last big
one.”
Large masses of people cannot be expected to work as
the perfect mechanism, especially in time of crisis. Human traffic must be
coordinated by the authorities, otherwise it will lead to disaster on its own,
even without the external disturbance. Therefore, an early warning may not be
the first priority when it comes to a bottom line-saving lives. Availability of
the basic storm shelters and coordination of the evacuation efforts may play a
far greater role in preparedness for the next disasters.
